abstract：:Maintenance of osmotic pressure is a primary regulatory process essential for normal cell function. The osmolarity of extracellular fluids is regulated by modifying the intake and excretion of salts and water. A major component of this regulatory process is the neuroendocrine hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system, which...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Hussy N,Deleuze C,Desarménien MG,Moos FC

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although more than 8000 papers of apoptosis are published annually, there are very few reports concerning necrosis in the past few years. A number of recent studies using lower species animals have suggested that the cornu Ammonis (CA) 1 neuronal death after brief global cerebral ischemia occurs by apoptosis, an activ...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Yamashima T

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An important biological consequence of the initial interactions between the cell surface and its extracellular environment is the diversity of cellular responses ranging from overt repulsion or avoidance reaction to stable adhesion or final positioning. It is now evident that positive and negative guiding mechanisms a...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Pesheva P,Probstmeier R

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Depression in the elderly is nowadays a predominant health care problem, mainly due to the progressive aging of the population. It results from psychosocial stress, polypathology, as well as some biochemical changes which occur in the aged brain and can lead to cognitive impairments, increased symptoms from medical il...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Gareri P,Falconi U,De Fazio P,De Sarro G

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The wide tissue distribution of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in organisms makes specific roles possible, although no clear physiologic function has yet been assigned to this enzyme. In vertebrates, it appears e.g. in serum, hemopoietic cells, liver, lung, heart, at cholinergic synapses, in the central nervous system. ...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Mack A,Robitzki A

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The discovery was made in the 1940s that calcium is required for transmitter release at synapses, raising the question of the identity of the sensor molecule upon which this calcium acts. Subsequently it was shown in the 1960s that this calcium acts on the inside of the nerve terminal. The channels which mediate the i...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Bennett MR

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper focuses on the successive historical papers related to medulla oblongata (M.O.) intracerebral connections, its activities and ascending influences regulating sleep waking behavior. The M.O. certainly influences the quantitative and qualitative processes of waking. However, its neurophysiological properties ...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Gottesmann C

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunocytochemical mapping studies employing the extensively used monoclonal anti-muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antibody M35 are reviewed. We focus on three neuronal muscarinic cholinoceptive substrates, which are target regions of the cholinergic basal forebrain system intimately involved in cognitive fun...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： van der Zee EA,Luiten PG

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recently, opioid receptor like1 (ORL1) receptor was identified. The ORL1 receptor is a G protein coupled receptor and the sequence of the ORL1 receptor is closely related to that of the opioid receptors. Nociceptin/orphanin FQ has been identified as a potent endogenous agonist of the ORL1 receptor and the sequence of ...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Yamamoto T,Nozaki-Taguchi N,Sakashita Y,Kimura S

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review gives an overview of recent findings and developments in research on brain mechanisms of reward and reinforcement from studies using the place preference conditioning paradigm, with emphasis on those studies that have been published within the last decade. Methodological issues of the paradigm (such as des...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Tzschentke TM

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this review first we evaluate evidence on the role of the neurobiological alterations induced by chronic ethanol consumption in the development of ethanol tolerance, dependence and withdrawal. Secondly, we describe the neuropathological consequences of chronic ethanol on cognitive functions and on brain structures....

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Fadda F,Rossetti ZL

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Some authors claim that microglia originate from the neuroepithelium, although most now believe that microglial cells are of mesodermal origin, and probably belong to the monocyte/macrophage cell line. These cells must enter the developing central nervous system (CNS) from the blood stream, the ventricular space or th...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Cuadros MA,Navascués J

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most functional studies of cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels have been confined to photoreceptors and olfactory epithelium, in which CNG channels are abundant and easy to study. The widespread distribution of CNG channels in tissues throughout the body has only recently been recognized and the functions of this c...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Wei JY,Roy DS,Leconte L,Barnstable CJ

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It seems likely that the Alzheimer disease (AD)-related dendritic changes addressed in this article are induced by two principally different processes. One process is linked to the plastic response associated with deafferentation, that is, long-lasting transneuronally induced regressive changes in dendritic geometry a...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Anderton BH,Callahan L,Coleman P,Davies P,Flood D,Jicha GA,Ohm T,Weaver C

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is proposed that altered dendrite length and de novo formation of new dendrite branches in cholinoceptive cells are responsible for long-term memory storage, a process enabled by the degradation of microtubule-associated protein-2. These memories are encoded as modality-specific associable representations. Accordin...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Woolf NJ

更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In animal models of global and focal ischemia neuroprotection is typically determined by quantifying the degree of cell loss or reduction in infarct volume shortly after the ischemic insult. These methods are unable to reliably detect more subtle forms of neuronal death and dysfunction that arise from injury to non-ho...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Corbett D,Nurse S

更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recognition is the process by which a subject is aware that a stimulus has been previously experienced. It requires that the characteristics of events are perceived, discriminated, identified and then compared (matched) against a memory of the characteristics of previously experienced events. Understanding recognition...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Steckler T,Drinkenburg WH,Sahgal A,Aggleton JP

更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:After a long period of inconclusive observations, the intrinsic primary afferent neurons of the intestine have been identified. The intestine is thus equipped with two groups of afferent neurons, those with cell bodies in cranial and dorsal root ganglia, and these recently identified afferent neurons with cell bodies ...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Furness JB,Kunze WA,Bertrand PP,Clerc N,Bornstein JC

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Firstly, the noetic value of the ontogenetic approach to the problems of learning and memory is emphasized; then the heterochrony and uneven time course of the development of neural systems are accentuated, which fully holds for the basic cognitive functions. Contrary to a broadly accepted opinion, that inhibitory lea...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Myslivecek J

更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The knowledge accumulated about the biochemistry of the synapsis in the last decades completely changes the notion of brain processing founded exclusively over an electrical mechanism, toward that supported by a complex chemical message exchange occurring both locally, at the synaptic site, as well as at other localit...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Rocha AF

更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Coherent high-frequency neuronal activity has been proposed as a physiological indicator of perceptual and higher cognitive processes. Some of these processes can only be investigated in humans and the use of non-invasive recording techniques appears to be a prerequisite for investigating their physiological substrate...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Pulvermüller F,Birbaumer N,Lutzenberger W,Mohr B

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Comparative studies of behavioral responses to centrally acting drugs in inbred strains of mice which show differences in brain neurotransmitter activity represent a major strategy in the investigation of the neurochemical bases underlying behavioural expression. Moreover, these studies represent a preliminary stage i...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Puglisi-Allegra S,Cabib S

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The freely diffusible messenger nitric oxide (NO), generated by NO synthase (NOS)-containing "nitroxergic" (NO-ergic) neurons, is unique among classical synaptic chemical transmitters because of its "non-specificity", molecular "NO-receptors" (e.g. guanylyl cyclase, iron complexes, nitrosylated proteins or DNA) in tar...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Blottner D

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To understand the cellular mechanisms underlying behaviours in mammals, the respective contributions of the individual properties characterizing each neuron, as opposed to the properties emerging from the organization of these neurons in functional networks, have to be evaluated. This requires the use, in the same spe...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Vibert N,De Waele C,Serafin M,Babalian A,Mühlethaler M,Vidal PP

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene expression patterns in neurons are complex and are modulated in response to multiple extracellular stimuli. In addition, during development and as neurons differentiate into distinct neuronal phenotypes, there is a co-ordinated activation and repression of a variety of genes. It is becoming increasingly evident t...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Quinn JP

更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endogenous circadian rhythms govern most aspects of physiology and behaviour in mammals, including body temperature, autonomic and endocrine function, and sleep-wake cycles. Such rhythms are generated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SCN), but are synchronised to the environmental light-dark cycle b...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Ebling FJ

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bioenergetic defects and abnormalities in glutamate neurotransmission have both been proposed to play important roles in neurological diseases of varying chronology, etiology and pathology. Recent experimental evidence suggests an intimate relationship between these two systems. Metabolic inhibition predisposes neuron...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Greene JG,Greenamyre JT

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reorganization of the somatotopic map in the spinal dorsal horn may be elicited by a variety of deafferenting lesions, including transection of peripheral nerves or dorsal roots, or the application of neurotoxins. While such lesions give rise to a variety of neurochemical and morphological changes in the dorsal horn, ...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Wilson P,Kitchener PD

更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews a series of experiments aimed at investigating the reciprocal trophic interactions which regulate the normal morphofunctional features and the plasticity of the adult rodent climbing fibre-Purkinje cell system. Climbing fibre deprivation induces profound functional and structural changes in the Pu...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Rossi F,Strata P

更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review describes the role of the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) in various functions, including sleep-wake mechanisms, arousal, locomotion and in several pathological conditions. Special emphasis is placed on the auditory input to the PPN and the possible role of this nucleus in the manifestation of the P1 middle...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Reese NB,Garcia-Rill E,Skinner RD

更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The transplantation of cells that secrete neuroactive substances with analgesic properties into the CNS is a novel method that challenges current approaches in treating chronic pain. This review covers pre-clinical and clinical studies from both allogeneic and xenogeneic sources. One cell source that has been utilized...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Czech KA,Sagen J

更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The S-100 is a group of low molecular weight (10-12 kD) calcium-binding proteins highly conserved among vertebrates. It is present in different tissues as dimers of homologous or different subunits (alpha, beta). In the nervous system, the S-100 exists as a mixture composed of beta beta and alpha beta dimers with the ...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Fanò G,Biocca S,Fulle S,Mariggiò MA,Belia S,Calissano P

更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Any biological structure can be studied using mutations that interfere either with its emergence or its function. We investigate spontaneous and induced mutations in the mouse that affect neuromuscular development and function. The wobbler mouse (phenotype WR, genotype wr/wr) suffers from muscular atrophy because of t...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Jockusch H,Kaupmann K,Gronemeier M,Schleef M,Klocke R

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Homeoproteins are well known for their role in defining the shape of organs during early development. The late expression of some homeogenes in the nervous system suggests that they might have other, additional functions, possibly in neurite growth and target recognition. The 60 amino acid-long peptide corresponding t...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Joliot A,Le Roux I,Volovitch M,Bloch-Gallego E,Prochiantz A

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The electrophysiological alterations provoked by axotomy have now been studied for almost half a century, in a number of different cell types. Consequently, it is now possible to detail some common mechanisms underlying these changes and to sort out certain trends in the data. The major phenomena reviewed in this sect...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Titmus MJ,Faber DS

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:(1) The availability of short amino acid sequences of the naturally occurring ACTH 1-39 molecule has made it possible to separate the corticotropic characteristics of the parent molecule from its neurotrophic effects. Potent neurotrophic fragments are ACTH 4-10, an analog of ACTH 4-9 (Org 2766), and alpha-MSH (ACTH 1-...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Strand FL,Rose KJ,King JA,Segarra AC,Zuccarelli LA

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glutamate is a potent candidate of the excitatory transmitter at the invertebrate NMJ and the synapse of the vertebrate CNS. But pharmacological studies have not been enough to prove that glutamate functions as an excitatory neurotransmitter. During the past 10 years, we have been studying the effects of various compo...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Shinozaki H

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review suggests that a previously unrecognized spinal cord pathway may be of major importance in the conduction of the somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) from the lower limb in Man. The nerve fiber type activated by a "typical" peripheral nerve stimulus used in studying the SEP will activate the posterior tibia...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： York DH

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00